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Glossary

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z #

A

Aggregate Limit

The maximum total amount an insurer will pay for all claims under a policy during a policy period.

Adjuster

A claims professional who investigates and negotiates a settlement after a loss.

Agreed Value

A policy feature where insurer and insured agree on the insured item’s value ahead of time (common for classic cars).

Appraisal

A process to determine the value of damaged property when the insurer and insured disagree on the loss amount.

B

Binder

A temporary, short-term insurance contract that provides immediate coverage until a formal policy is issued.

Bodily Injury Liability

Auto policy coverage that pays for injuries to other people if you cause an accident.

Business Interruption Insurance

Coverage that compensates lost income when a business cannot operate due to a covered loss.

C

Certificate of Insurance (COI)

A document proving a party has insurance—often required by clients, landlords, or contractors.

Claim

A request made to an insurer for payment or services under an insurance policy after a loss.

Claims Adjusting

The process insurers use to evaluate and settle claims (investigation, liability, and payment).

Collision Coverage

Auto insurance that pays for damage to your vehicle when you collide with another object or vehicle.

Comprehensive Coverage

Auto coverage for non-collision losses (theft, vandalism, storm damage, fire).

Condos (Condominium Insurance)

A policy that covers a condo owner’s interior structure, personal property, and liability.

Co-Insurance

A clause requiring the insured to carry a minimum percentage of coverage relative to property value or share costs.

Coverage Limit

The maximum amount an insurer will pay for a particular loss or policy period.

D

Deductible

The amount you pay out of pocket before insurance benefits apply on a covered claim.

Depreciation

The loss in value of property over time; used to calculate actual cash value in claims.

Disaster Response

Emergency services and restoration steps activated after storms, floods, fires, or large losses.

E

Endorsement (Rider)

A policy amendment that adds, removes, or changes coverage terms.

Exclusion

Specific conditions or circumstances that are not covered by an insurance policy.

F

Flood Insurance

A specialized policy or endorsement that covers water damage from floods—typically excluded in homeowners policies.

G

Grace Period

Time allowed after a premium due date during which coverage remains in force before cancellation.

H

Homeowners Policy (HO)

A combined policy protecting a dwelling, personal property, liability, and additional living expenses.

I

Inception Date

The date an insurance policy becomes effective.

Insurable Interest

A financial or ownership stake in property or life that justifies buying insurance.

Insured / Named Insured

The person(s) or entity specifically covered by the policy.

L

Liability Insurance

Coverage that pays for damage or injury you cause to others (medical costs, legal defense).

Loss of Use / Additional Living Expenses (ALE)

Reimbursement for living costs if your home is uninhabitable after a covered loss.

M

Manufactured & Mobile Home Insurance

Policies designed to cover prefab or mobile homes and their unique risks.

N

Named Perils

Insurance that covers only the specific risks listed in the policy (e.g., fire, theft).

O

Occurrence

An event or series of events causing a loss; used to determine coverage under liability or property policies.

Open Perils (All-Risk)

Coverage that protects against all losses except those specifically excluded in the policy.

Out-of-Pocket

Expenses the insured must pay directly (deductible, non-covered item).

P

Per-Occurrence Limit

The maximum amount the insurer will pay for a single event under a liability policy.

Premium

The price you pay for insurance coverage (monthly, quarterly, or annually).

Primary vs. Secondary Coverage

Primary coverage pays first for a claim; secondary picks up remaining costs if limits are exceeded.

Professional Liability (Errors & Omissions)

Coverage for professionals against claims of negligence or poor service.

Property Insurance

Coverage for loss or damage to physical assets—homes, buildings, contents, and equipment.

R

Rated Driver / Surcharge

A premium increase applied to drivers with prior at-fault accidents or violations.

Replacement Cost

The cost to replace or rebuild new property of similar kind and quality (no depreciation).

Rental / Renters Insurance

A policy that protects renters’ personal property and provides liability coverage.

Risk Management

Strategies and practices businesses use to reduce the likelihood or impact of losses.

S

SR-22 / FR-44

A certificate of financial responsibility required for certain high-risk drivers by state regulations (state-dependent).

Subrogation

The insurer’s right to recover payments from a third party that caused a loss after paying your claim.

U

Umbrella Insurance

Extra liability coverage that extends beyond home or auto policies when limits are too low for your damages.

Underwriting

The process insurers use to evaluate risk and determine policy terms, premiums, and eligibility.

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